Kemal

This name derives from the Arabic “Kamāl,” meaning “perfection”; it also may be an abbreviation of Kamal al-Din. Kamal ad-Din (Arabic: Kamāl ad-Dīn) is a male Muslim given name meaning “perfection of the religion” in Arabic. In Persian, it means “beauty, perfection, excellence, completion, utmost level.” A kamal is a celestial navigation device that determines latitude. The invention of the kamal allowed for the earliest known latitude sailing and was thus the most initial step towards the use of quantitative methods in navigation. It originated with Arab navigators of the late 9th-century and was employed in the Indian Ocean from the 10th-century.